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Monday, September 3, 2012
Max Planck Institute sequences genome of Siberian girl from 80,000 years ago, smashes DNA barriers
We've known little of the genetic sequences of our precursors, despite
having found many examples of their remains: the requirement for two
strands in traditional DNA sequencing isn't much help when we're usually thankful to get just one. The Max Planck Institute
has devised a new, single-strand technique that may very well fill in
the complete picture. Binding specific molecules to a strand, so enzymes
can copy the sequence, has let researchers make at least one pass over
99.9 percent of the genome of a Siberian girl from roughly 80,000 years
ago -- giving science the most complete genetic picture of any human
ancestor to date, all from the one bone you see above. The gene map
tells us that the brown-skinned, brown-eyed, brown-haired girl was part
of a splinter population known as the Denisovans that sat in between Neanderthals
and ourselves, having forked the family tree hundreds of thousands of
years before today. It also shows that there's a small trace of
Denisovans and their Neanderthal roots in modern East Asia, which we
would never have known just by staring at fossils. Future discoveries
could take years to leave an impact, but MPI may have just opened the
floodgates of knowledge for our collective history.
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